Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), primarily from human fossil fuel combustion,
reduces ocean pH and causes wholesale shifts in seawater carbonate chemistry. The …

Marine organisms have occupied hard substrates since the Archaean. Shells, rocks, wood
and sedimentary hardgrounds offer relatively stable habitats compared to unconsolidated …

Molecular phylogeny indicates that metazoans (animals) emerged early in the
Neoproterozoic era, but physical evidence is lacking. The search for animal fossils from the …

Ocean ecosystems have responded and will continue to respond to climate changes of
different rates, magnitudes, and durations (virtually certain). Human societies depend on …

Authoritative, accessible, and updated introduction to sedimentary rocks for undergraduate
students Sedimentary Petrology provides readers with a concise account of sedimentary …

" There are more coral species in deep, cold-waters than in tropical coral reefs. This broad-
ranging treatment is the first to synthesise current understanding of all types of cold-water …

Bivalves, such as clams and oysters, are species having two-valved shells. In the marine
ecosystem these species play a unique and essential role. This book examines the ecology …

Coral reefs across the world have been seriously degraded and have a bleak future in
response to predicted global warming and ocean acidification (OA). However, this is not the …

Coral reefs, with their millions of species, have changed profoundly because of the effects of
people, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Reefs are subject to many of …

Marine bioconstructions are biodiversity-rich, three-dimensional biogenic structures,
regulating key ecological functions of benthic ecosystems worldwide. Tropical coral reefs …