The origin of RNA interference (RNAi), the cell sentinel system widely shared among
eukaryotes that recognizes RNAs and specifically degrades or prevents their translation in …

CRISPR/Cas, one of the most rapidly develo** technologies in the world, has been
applied successfully in plant science. To test new nucleases, gRNA expression systems and …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are processed products of primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) and regulate
the target gene expression. Though the regulatory roles of the several mature plant miRNAs …

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) have antioxidant properties and are beneficial to human health.
The fruit of apple (Malus× domestica Borkh.), especially the peel, is rich in various …

Highlights•Cyst and root-knot nematodes establish neoplastic feeding sites in roots of their
host plants.•Plant hormones and small RNAs play a role in feeding site formation and …

Anthocyanins are important secondary metabolites in plants. They are important for human
health because of their antioxidant activities and because their dietary intake reduces the …

Small RNAs (sRNAs) have been recently recognized as key genetic and epigenetic
regulators in various organisms, ranging from the modification of DNA and histone …

Flavonols and other phenylpropanoids protect plants from biotic and abiotic stress and are
dietarily desirable because of their health-promoting properties. The ability to develop new …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short endogenous non-coding small RNAs that direct
post-transcriptional gene silencing in eukaryotes. In plants, the expression of a large number …

Different types of biotic stresses like microbial attack (eg bacterial, viral, fungal infection),
herbivore attack (eg insects, pests) affect growth and yield of plants. A range of defensive …