Advances in biomaterials and the need for patient-specific bone scaffolds require modern
manufacturing approaches in addition to a design strategy. Hybrid materials such as those …

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are innovative materials whose composition and/or
microstructure gradually vary in space according to a designed law. As a result, also the …

Multi criteria decision making (MCDM) is one of the research areas of operations research
and management science which has widely studied by researchers and practitioners. It finds …

Considerable effort has been spent on the development of normalization models in multi-
attribute decision-making (MADM) but despite all of these there is no definitive answer to …

The stress-shielding (SS) effects following orthopedic implantation can lead to implant
loosening. Functionally graded materials (FGMs) and coatings (FGCs) are special …

Finite element has been used for more than four decades to study and evaluate the
mechanical behaviour total joint replacements. In Huiskes seminal paper “Failed innovation …

Background Total joint replacements are an established treatment for patients suffering from
reduced mobility and pain due to severe joint damage. Aseptic loosening due to stress …

In spite of the high success rate of existing total knee replacement implants, the aseptic
loosening of components, particularly the tibial one, is a matter of concern. To control the …

By considering target values for attributes in addition to beneficial and non-beneficial
attributes, a traditional MADM technique is converted to a comprehensive form. In many …

The trend in biomaterials development has now headed for tailoring the properties and
making hybrid materials to achieve the optimal performance metrics in a product. Modern …