Glaucoma is a common, complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized
by progressive dysfunction and then loss of retinal ganglion cells, the output neurons of the …

Considerable overlap has been identified in the risk factors, comorbidities and putative
pathophysiological mechanisms of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRDs) and …

Background The brain was once thought of as an insulin-insensitive organ. We now know
that the insulin receptor is present throughout the brain and serves important functions in …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive decline.
Despite worldwide efforts to find a cure, no proper treatment has been developed yet, and …

While a potential causal factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD), brain insulin resistance has not
been demonstrated directly in that disorder. We provide such a demonstration here by …

Hypometabolism, characterized by decreased brain glucose consumption, is a common
feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. Initial hypometabolic brain state, created by …

High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is associated with insulin resistance, which may affect
brain synaptic plasticity through impairment of insulin-sensitive processes underlying …

It is widely recognized that obesity and associated metabolic changes are considered a risk
factor to age-associated cognitive decline. Inflammation and increased oxidative stress in …

Neurons need a continuous supply of glucose, the major source of energy for mammalian
brain metabolism. The central nervous system is protected by three main physiological cell …

Highly reproducible epidemiological evidence shows that type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases
the risk and rate of progression of Parkinson's disease (PD), and crucially, the repurposing …