The mountain cryosphere of mainland Europe is recognized to have important impacts on a
range of environmental processes. In this paper, we provide an overview on the current …

Seasonal snow cover is the largest single component of the cryosphere in areal extent,
covering an average of 46 million square km of Earth's surface (31% of the land area) each …

The importance of snow cover extent (SCE) has been proven to strongly link with various
natural phenomenon and human activities; consequently, monitoring snow cover is one the …

The numerical formulation of a one-dimensional physical snowpack model is presented. The
model is operationally employed on a day-to-day basis by avalanche warners to predict …

Snow is an important component of the hydrological cycle. As a major part of the cryosphere,
snow cover also represents a valuable terrestrial water resource. In the context of climate …

We present a review of the changing state of European permafrost within a spatial zone that
includes the continuous high latitude arctic permafrost of Svalbard and the discontinuous …

There are many models that attempt to predict physical processes in snow on the ground for
a range of applications, and evaluations of these models show that they have a wide range …

The Greenland ice sheet has become one of the main contributors to global sea level rise,
predominantly through increased meltwater runoff. The main drivers of Greenland ice sheet …

Snow in the environment acts as a host to rich chemistry and provides a matrix for physical
exchange of contaminants within the ecosystem. The goal of this review is to summarise the …

Current models of snow cover distribution, soil moisture, surface runoff and river discharge
typically have very simple parameterizations of surface processes, such as degree‐day …