Abstract The Pliocene Epoch (∼ 5.3–2.6 million years ago, Ma) was characterized by a
warmer than present climate with smaller Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, and offers an …

Coccolithophores occupy a special position within the marine phytoplankton because of
their production of intricate calcite scales, or coccoliths. Coccolithophores are major …

The purpose of this book is to provide timely and comprehensive information on extant
planktic foraminifers. This book is based on 'Modern Planktonic Foraminifera'published by …

The early Eocene (56 to 48 million years ago) is inferred to have been the most recent time
that Earth's atmospheric CO 2 concentrations exceeded 1000 ppm. Global mean …

The trace element composition of planktic foraminiferal calcite provides a useful means of
determining past surface ocean conditions. We have assembled the results of culture …

The calcium carbonate shells of planktic foraminifera provide our most valuable
geochemical archive of ocean surface conditions and climate spanning the last 100 million …

The incorporation of a number of readily measured trace elements into otoliths is considered
to be under some sort of physiological control, but rarely are explicit mechanisms proposed …

Plankton, corals, and other organisms produce calcium carbonate skeletons that are integral
to their survival, form a key component of the global carbon cycle, and record an archive of …

Mg/Ca and stable oxygen isotope compositions (δ18O) of planktic foraminifera tests are
commonly used as proxies to reconstruct past ocean conditions including variations in the …

The process by which foraminifera precipitate calcite from seawater has received much
attention, in part because a mechanistic basis for empirical calibrations between shell …