Pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) are soft and flexible linear pneumatic actuators which
produce human muscle like actuation. Due to these properties, the muscle actuators have …

Develo** artificial muscles that can replace biological muscles to accomplish various
tasks is what we have long been aiming for. Recent advances in flexible materials and 3D …

Robotic locomotion in unstructured terrain demands an agile, adaptive, and energy-efficient
architecture. To traverse such terrains, legged robots use rigid electromagnetic motors and …

The aim of this article is to present a survey on applications of Pneumatic Artificial Muscles
(PAMs). PAMs are highly non-linear pneumatic actuators where their elongation is …

Many systems and mechanisms in the human body are not fully understood, such as the
principles of muscle control, the sensory nervous system that connects the brain and the …

The musculoskeletal robot is a promising direction of the next-generation robots. However,
current control methods of musculoskeletal robots lack multitask learning ability, great …

The inherent compliance of soft fluidic actuators makes them attractive for use in wearable
devices and soft robotics. Their flexible nature permits them to be used without traditional …

This chapter describes the control principles necessary for an articulated biped model to
accomplish balanced locomotion during walking and climbing. We explain the synthesizes …

The anthropomorphic body form is a complex articulated system of links/limbs and joints,
simultaneously redundant and underactuated, and capable of a wide range of sophisticated …

The mass-spring system-like behavior is a powerful analysis tool to simplify human
running/locomotion and is also known as the Spring Loaded Inverted Pendulum (SLIP) …