Many outer solar system bodies are thought to harbor liquid water oceans beneath their ice
shells. This article first reviews how such oceans are detected. We then discuss how they …

Abstract The JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) of ESA was launched on 14 April 2023
and will arrive at Jupiter and its moons in July 2031. In this review article, we describe how …

Geophysical measurements can reveal the structures and thermal states of icy ocean
worlds. The interior density, temperature, sound speed, and electrical conductivity thus …

Abstract The Radar for Europa Assessment and Sounding: Ocean to Near-surface
(REASON) is a dual-frequency ice-penetrating radar (9 and 60 MHz) onboard the Europa …

The field of multicopter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has seen massive technological
advances and decreasing costs over the last decade. Due to the higher prevalence and …

Cassini revealed that Saturn's Moon Enceladus hosts a subsurface ocean that meets the
accepted criteria for habitability with bio-essential elements and compounds, liquid water …

We present the state of the art on the study of surfaces and tenuous atmospheres of the icy
Galilean satellites Ganymede, Europa and Callisto, from past and ongoing space …

The first European mission dedicated to the exploration of Jupiter and its icy moons (JUpiter
ICy moons Explorer—JUICE) will be launched in 2022 and will reach its final destination in …

The plumes discovered by the Cassini mission emanating from the south pole of Saturn׳ s
moon Enceladus and the unique chemistry found in them have fueled speculations that …

This paper reports the analysis of the geometric power fall-off of Fresnel zone scattering in
radar sounding. Radar sounders can take advantage of strong coherent scattering from …