All ecosystems are exposed to gradual changes in climate, nutrient loading, habitat
fragmentation or biotic exploitation. Nature is usually assumed to respond to gradual change …

Ecological changes in the phenology and distribution of plants and animals are occurring in
all well-studied marine, freshwater, and terrestrial groups. These observed changes are …

Poleward and upward shifts are the most frequent types of range shifts that have been
reported in response to contemporary climate change. However, the number of reports …

Climate change and resource exploitation have been shown to modify the importance of
bottom-up and top-down forces in ecosystems. However, the resulting pattern of trophic …

Occasionally, surprisingly large shifts occur in ecosystems. Theory suggests that such shifts
can be attributed to alternative stable states. Verifying this diagnosis is important because it …

Increasing greenhouse gas concentrations are expected to have significant impacts on the
world's climate on a timescale of decades to centuries. Evidence from long-term monitoring …

This report is FAO's latest assessment of the long-term outlook for the world's food supplies,
nutrition and agriculture. It presents the projections and the main messages. The projections …

The largest uncertainty in forecasting the effects of climate change on ecosystems is in
understanding how it will affect the nature of interactions among species. Climate change …

Responses to a Warming World | Science news careers commentary Journals Science Science
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Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 495–505 Abstract Primary production must constrain the amount
of fish and invertebrates available to expanding fisheries; however the degree of limitation …