Azoospermia is classified as obstructive azoospermia (OA) or non-obstructive azoospermia
(NOA), each having very different etiologies and treatments. The etiology, diagnosis, and …

Although male factors account for approximately 50% of all infertility, the mechanisms
underlying their origin are unknown. Currently, clinicians rely primarily on semen analyses …

The purpose of this ASRM Practice Committee report is to provide clinicians with principles
and strategies for the evaluation of couples with male infertility problems. This revised …

For men struggling to conceive with their partners, diagnostic tools are limited and often
consist of only a standard semen analysis. This baseline test serves as a crude estimation of …

The causative agent of mumps is a single-stranded, non-segmented, negative sense RNA
virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. Besides the classic symptom of painfully …

BACKGROUND Complete asthenozoospermia, ie 100% immotile spermatozoa in the
ejaculate, is reported at a frequency of 1 of 5000 men. Its diagnosis implies a poor fertility …

Background Azoospermia, the absence of sperm in the ejaculate (confirmed by 2
centrifuged semen specimens), is identified in 15% of infertile men and results from …

Sperm of humans, non-human primates, and other mammalian subjects is considered to be
antigenic. The effect of changes in autoimmunity on reproductive cells such as spermatozoa …

The clinical workup of the infertile male with azoospermia aims at determining the aetiology
and estimating the chances of finding spermatozoa by testicular sperm extraction (TESE). To …

Antisperm antibodies (ASA), as a cause of male infertility, have been detected in infertile
males as early as 1954. Multiple causes of ASA production have been identified, and they …