Chatbots hold the promise of revolutionizing education by engaging learners, personalizing
learning activities, supporting educators, and develo** deep insight into learners' …

Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) are gaining interest to elicit user engagement and
stimulate actual use of eHealth applications. In this literature review, we identify the …

Pedagogical agents, characters that guide through multimedia learning environments,
recently gained increasing interest. A review was published by Clarebout, Elen, Johnson …

Teaching and learning are highly social activities. Seminal psychologists such as Vygotsky,
Piaget, and Bandura have theorized that social interaction is a key mechanism in the …

Virtual assistants are increasingly common on commercial websites. In view of the benefits
they offer to businesses for improving navigation and interaction with the consumers …

Pedagogical agents—lifelike characters that guide users through multimedia learning
environments—are intended to facilitate the learning process. According to social agency …

Background Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) are animated computer characters
that simulate face-to-face counseling. Owing to their capacity to establish and maintain an …

Background Conversational agents (CAs), also known as chatbots, are digital dialog
systems that enable people to have a text-based, speech-based, or nonverbal conversation …

Conversational agents are attributed humanlike characteristics; in particular, they are often
assumed to have a gender. There is evidence that gender sets up expectations that have an …

We present an end-to-end voice-based conversational agent that is able to engage in
naturalistic multi-turn dialogue and align with the interlocutor's conversational style. The …