Despite decades of laboratory, epidemiological and clinical research, breast cancer
incidence continues to rise. Breast cancer remains the leading cancer-related cause of …

The health burden of cancer is increasing in China, with more than 1· 6 million people being
diagnosed and 1· 2 million people dying of the disease each year. As in most other …

Tamoxifen is biotransformed by CYP2D6 to 4‐hydroxytamoxifen and 4‐hydroxy N‐
desmethyl tamoxifen (endoxifen), both with greater antiestrogenic potency than the parent …

Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease in women worldwide. In recent
decades, earlier diagnosis and better adjuvant therapy have substantially improved patient …

Objectives To describe the effect of multidisciplinary care on survival in women treated for
breast cancer. Design Retrospective, comparative, non-randomised, interventional cohort …

A woman has an increased risk of breast cancer if her lifelong estrogen exposure is
increased due to an early menarche, a late menopause, and/or an absence of childbearing …

Background Breast cancer patients with tumors that are estrogen receptor (ER)-positive
and/or progesterone receptor (PR)-positive have lower risks of mortality after their diagnosis …

The current model of human breast cancer progression proposes a linear multi‐step process
which initiates as flat epithelial atypia (FEA), progresses to atypical ductal hyperplasia …

Hormonal therapy plays a vital part in the treatment of estrogen receptor–positive (ER+)
breast cancer. ER can be activated in a ligand-dependent and independent manner …

Background Ovarian suppression plus tamoxifen is a standard adjuvant treatment in
premenopausal women with endocrine-responsive breast cancer. Aromatase inhibitors are …