Purinergic signalling, ie, the role of nucleotides as extracellular signalling molecules, was
proposed in 1972. However, this concept was not well accepted until the early 1990's when …

Multinucleation is a hallmark of osteoclast maturation. The unique and dynamic
multinucleation process not only increases cell size but causes functional alterations …

Seven P2X ion channel nucleotide receptor subtypes have been cloned and characterised.
P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) are unusual in that there are extra amino acids in the intracellular …

Osteoimmunology encompasses all aspects of the cross-regulation of bone and the immune
system, including various cell types, signalling pathways, cytokines and chemokines, under …

Cadmium is a common environmental pollutant that accumulates in the bone and kidneys
and causes severe health and social problems. However, the effects of Cd on the …

Bone metabolism is a lifelong process that includes bone formation and resorption.
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are the predominant cell types associated with bone …

P2X7 receptor is an ATP-gated cation channel that upon agonist interaction leads to cellular
influx of Na+ and Ca 2+ and efflux of K+. P2X7 is expressed by a wide variety of cells and its …

It is now widely recognised that extracellular nucleotides, signalling via purinergic receptors,
participate in numerous biological processes in most tissues. It has become evident that …

The emphasis in this article is on the growing interest in the pathophysiology and
therapeutic potential of purinergic signalling. 1–8 However, it begins with a review of the …

Low bone mineral density (BMD) is established as a primary predictor of osteoporotic risk
and can also have substantial implications for athlete health and injury risk in the elite …