Marine protected areas (MPAs) are designated parts of the ocean that restrict human
activities to a certain degree. MPAs are established around the world using a wide range of …

Protecting 30% of the planet for nature: costs, benefits and economic implications Waldron, A.
Page 1 https://helda.helsinki.fi Protecting 30% of the planet for nature: costs, benefits and …

Overfishing may seriously impact fish populations and ecosystems. Marine protected areas
(MPAs) are key tools for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management, yet the …

Oceans beyond the continental shelf represent the largest yet least protected environments.
The new agreement to increase protection targets to 30% by 2030 and the recent United …

Previous research has cast doubt on the potential for marine protected areas (MPAs) to
provide refuge and fishery spillover benefits for migratory species as most MPAs are small …

Abstract Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are designed to enhance biodiversity and
ecosystem services. Some MPAs are also established to benefit fisheries through increased …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are conservation tools that are increasingly implemented,
with growing national commitments for MPA expansion. Perhaps the greatest challenge to …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been identified as one of the most effective tools to halt
marine biodiversity loss. However, conflicting evidence from disparate, small-scale studies …

Conservation designations such as protected areas are increasing in numbers around the
world, yet it is widely reported that many are failing to reach their objectives. They are …

Networks of no-take marine reserves (NTMRs) are widely advocated for preserving
exploited fish stocks and for conserving biodiversity. We used underwater visual surveys of …