Body condition metrics are widely used to infer animal health and to assess costs of parasite
infection. Since parasites harm their hosts, ecologists might expect negative relationships …

Abstract Changes in the environment related to inclement weather can threaten survival and
reproductive success both through direct adverse exposure and indirectly by decreasing …

Quantifying individual variation in labile physiological or behavioral traits often involves
repeated measures through time, so as to test for consistency of individual differences (often …

Documentation of carry‐over effects (COEs), defined as effects resulting from events that
occurred in a previous time period, has largely been observational and understanding of …

Social information is used by many vertebrate taxa to inform decision-making, including
resource-mediated movements, yet the mechanisms whereby social information is …

Although the hippocampus is one of the most-studied brain regions in mammals, research
on the avian hippocampus has been more limited in scope. It is generally agreed that the …

One aspect of the Reactive Scope Model is wear-and-tear, which describes a decrease in
an animal's ability to cope with a stressor, typically because of a period of chronic or …

In the mid-continental grasslands of North America, climate change is increasing the
intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. Increasingly severe storms and …

Migratory passerine birds fly long distances twice a year alternating nocturnal flights with
stopovers to rest and replenish energy stores. The duration of each stopover depends on …

Cortisol is the main stress hormone that plays crucial roles in energy metabolism and
immune response in vertebrates. In the present study, the homologues of 11β …