Chapter 3 takes a long-term perspective on climate change mitigation pathways. Its focus is
on the implications of long-term targets for the required short-and medium-term system …

Infrastructure—electricity, telecommunications, roads, water, and sanitation—are central to
people's lives. Without it, they cannot make a living, stay healthy, and maintain a good …

Extreme climate events and renewable energy development challenge the reliability of the
power supply, which is an important guarantee for high-quality economic development and …

The reliability of the electricity supply is important since any interruption to the supply has
direct and indirect consequences for its users. A reliable electricity supply requires a reliable …

Effective action on resilience and climate change adaptation can be a complex task—
requiring coordinated efforts from the highest levels of government to individual households …

Power shortage is a development challenge that most develo** countries often face,
which not only brings negative impacts to firms' growth, but also has an impact on their …

The priority of develo** countries in the clean energy transition is to attain industrialization
primarily with low-carbon energy sources; this presents challenges that industrialized …

Public utilities in most African countries have failed to deliver adequate, reliable, and
competitively priced electricity to support economic growth and improve the welfare of their …

A resilient photovoltaic system, which comprises from the joint use of photovoltaic solar
panels and electrochemical storage that is able to operate both with and without grid …

Energy economists have long argued that energy systems need to be adaptable in the face
of shocks. In the early twentieth century, Denmark embodied the opposite, with its industry …