Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. However, lung cancer
incidence and mortality rates differ substantially across the world, reflecting varying patterns …

Executive summary Around the world, populations are ageing at a faster pace than in the
past and this demographic transition will have effects on all aspects of societies. In May …

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially
modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation …

Executive summary Despite substantial progress in reducing the global impact of many non-
communicable diseases, including heart disease and cancer, morbidity and mortality due to …

Over the past several decades, the incidence of early-onset cancers, often defined as
cancers diagnosed in adults< 50 years of age, in the breast, colorectum, endometrium …

Tobacco smoking is a major determinant of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide.
More than a billion people smoke, and without major increases in cessation, at least half will …

Hypertension, defined as persistently elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP)> 140 mmHg
and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at least 90 mmHg (International Society of …

In the past 30 years, the accessibility and quality index of medical care have made
remarkable progress in China, ranking the first among middle-income countries. Many …

Background The global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk
factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively …

Epithelial cell damage-initiated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is implicated
in regulated cell death (RCD) including ferroptosis triggered by complex gene-environment …