A large scholarship currently holds that before the onset of anthropogenic global warming,
natural climatic changes long provoked subsistence crises and, occasionally, civilizational …

Water is the cradle of life, but the scarcity of freshwater imposed by the ever-increasing
population and pollution threatens human survival. Harvesting fresh water from the …

Volcanic eruptions contribute to climate variability, but quantifying these contributions has
been limited by inconsistencies in the timing of atmospheric volcanic aerosol loading …

Asian summer monsoon (ASM) variability and its long-term ecological and societal impacts
extending back to Neolithic times are poorly understood due to a lack of high-resolution …

Recent studies have shown strong temporal correlations between past climate changes and
societal crises. However, the specific causal mechanisms underlying this relation have not …

Until recently, most writings on the relationship between climate change and security were
highly speculative. The IPCC assessment reports to date offer little if any guidance on this …

Recent decades have seen the rapid expansion of scholarship that identifies societal
responses to past climatic fluctuations. This fast-changing scholarship, which was recently …

Natural disasters often result in fatalities, injuries, diseases and other negative physical and
mental health effects. Indirectly, disasters can result in social grievances and resource …

Based on the reconstructed temperatures, precipitation changes, and occurrences of
extreme climate events, together with historical records on fiscal deterioration, food crises …

Historians and archaeologists define primary states—" cradles of civilization" from which all
modern nation states ultimately derive—as significant territorially-based, autonomous …