Plants cannot move, so they must endure abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity and
extreme temperatures. These stressors greatly limit the distribution of plants, alter their …

Defense against stress and active suppression of growth are two complementary strategies
by which plants respond to adverse environments. Although beneficial for plant survival …

Protein kinases are major players in various signal transduction pathways. Understanding
the molecular mechanisms behind plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses has …

Abiotic stress is the adverse effect of any abiotic factor on a plant in a given environment,
impacting plants' growth and development. These stress factors, such as drought, salinity …

Calcium (Ca2+) is a unique mineral that serves as both a nutrient and a signal in all
eukaryotes. To maintain Ca2+ homeostasis for both nutrition and signaling purposes, the …

In the past and present, human activities have been involved in triggering global warming,
causing drought stresses that affect animals and plants. Plants are more defenseless …

As sessile organisms, plants must cope with abiotic stress such as soil salinity, drought, and
extreme temperatures. Core stress-signaling pathways involve protein kinases related to the …

Drought stress is a severe environmental constraint among the emerging problems. Plants
are highly vulnerable to drought stress and a severe decrease in yield was recorded in the …

Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the
world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress …

Adverse environmental conditions trigger responses in plants that promote stress tolerance
and survival at the expense of growth. However, little is known of how stress signalling …