The journey of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) as it transcribes a gene is anything but a smooth
ride. Transcript elongation is discontinuous and can be perturbed by intrinsic regulatory …

Abstract RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) speed or elongation rate, ie, the number of
nucleotides synthesized per unit of time, is a major determinant of transcriptome …

Codon usage biases are found in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes, and preferred
codons are more frequently used in highly expressed genes. The effects of codon usage on …

Maturation of mRNA precursors often occurs simultaneously with their synthesis by RNA
polymerase II (Pol II). The co-transcriptional nature of mRNA processing has permitted the …

The expansion of introns within mammalian genomes poses a challenge for the production
of full-length messenger RNAs (mRNAs), with increasing evidence that these long AT-rich …

Pre-mRNA maturation frequently occurs at the same time and place as transcription by RNA
polymerase II. The co-transcriptionality of mRNA processing has permitted the evolution of …

The pause-release model of transcription proposes that 40–100 bases from the start site
RNA Pol II pauses, followed by release into productive elongation. Pause release is …

Long introns with short exons in vertebrate genes are thought to require spliceosome
assembly across exons (exon definition), rather than introns, thereby requiring transcription …

Cellular DNA is continuously engaged in a molecular dance with many accessory proteins.
These proteins are responsible for orchestrating the storage, maintenance, and transfer of …

Many steps of RNA processing occur during transcription by RNA polymerases. Co-
transcriptional activities are deemed commonplace in prokaryotes, in which the lack of …