The field of exoplanet atmospheric characterization has recently made considerable
advances with the advent of high-resolution spectroscopy from large ground-based …

The radius valley separating super-Earths from mini-Neptunes is a fundamental benchmark
for theories of planet formation and evolution. Observations show that the location of the …

The size frequency distribution of exoplanet radii between 1 and 4R⊕ is bimodal with peaks
at∼ 1.4 R⊕ and∼ 2.4 R⊕, and a valley at∼ 1.8 R⊕. This radius valley separates two …

Transit surveys indicate that there is a deficit of Neptune-sized planets on close-in orbits. If
this" Neptune desert" is entirely cleared out by atmospheric mass loss, then planets at its …

The characteristics of the radius valley, ie an observed lack of planets between 1.5 and 2
Earth radii at periods shorter than about 100 d, provide insights into the formation and …

The population of small, close-in exoplanets is bifurcated into super-Earths and sub-
Neptunes. We calculate physically motivated mass–radius relations for sub-Neptunes, with …

The observed exoplanet population features a gap in the radius distribution that separates
the smaller super-Earths (≲ 1.7 Earth radii) from the larger sub-Neptunes (∼ 1.7–4 Earth …

We present Kepler exoplanet occurrence rates for planets between 0.5 and 16 R⊕ and
between 1 and 400 days. To measure occurrence, we use a nonparametric method via a …

The radius valley, ie a dearth of planets with radii between 1.5 and 2 Earth radii, provides
insights into planetary formation and evolution. Using homogenously revised planetary …

The atmospheres of small, close-in exoplanets are vulnerable to rapid mass loss during
protoplanetary disc dispersal via a process referred to as 'boil-off', in which confining …