The epidemic of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance is one of the main causes
of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In both disorders, tissues such as muscle, fat and liver …

Obesity is a major public health problem worldwide, and it is associated with an increased
risk of develo** type 2 diabetes. It is now commonly accepted that chronic inflammation …

Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is manifested by decreased insulin‐stimulated glucose
uptake and results from impaired insulin signaling and multiple post‐receptor intracellular …

Human type 2 diabetes is characterized by defects in both insulin action and insulin
secretion. It has been difficult to identify a single molecular abnormality underlying these …

Despite many scientific advances, human exposure to, and intoxication by, toxic metal
species continues to occur. Surprisingly, little is understood about the mechanisms by which …

Recent studies indicate that phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase is essential in the regulation of
many processes dependent on membrane flow. Autophagy is a complex pathway in which …

The serine/threonine protein kinase PKB (also known as Akt) is thought to be a key mediator
of signal transduction processes. The identification of PKB substrates and the role PKB …

Insulin plays a key role in regulating a wide range of cellular processes. However, until
recently little was known about the signalling pathways that are involved in linking the …

Both insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia have been reported to be independent risk
factors for cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known regarding insulin signaling in …

Free fatty acids are known to play a key role in promoting loss of insulin sensitivity in type 2
diabetes mellitus but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. It has been postulated that …