Dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) is a useful method for directly printing materials on surfaces
with sub-50 nm resolution. Because it involves the physical transport of materials from a …

Highlights•Advances in printing techniques for arraying biologically relevant molecules are
described.•Covalent reactions and non-covalent binding for printing of carbohydrates …

Although microscale patterning techniques have been used to control cell morphology and
shape, they only provide indirect control over the formation of the subcellular cytoskeletal …

Recent progress in surface science, nanotechnology and biophysics has cast new light on
the correlation between the physicochemical properties of biomaterials and the resulting …

Post-translational modification catalyzed by phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPTases)
has previously been used to site-specifically label proteins with structurally diverse …

Over the past decade synthetic melanins, melanin-like polymers and melanin-based
copolymers have been the focus of growing attention as soft biocompatible functional …

Silk fibroin (SF) is a promising candidate for a variety of application in the fields of tissue
engineering, drug delivery, and biomedical optics. Recent research has already begun to …

In synthetic biology,“understanding by building” requires exquisite control of the molecular
constituents and their spatial organization. Site-specific coupling of DNA to proteins allows …

Direct printing of molecules is an ink-transfer process for producing well-defined molecular
structures on a surface, which are remarkably important for a wide variety of fundamental …

As a powerful atomic force microscopy-based nanotechnological tool, dip-pen
nanolithography (DPN) has provided an ideal direct-write “constructive” lithographic tool that …