By synthesizing recent studies employing a wide range of approaches (modern
observations, paleo reconstructions, and climate model simulations), this paper provides a …

This is a review about the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), its mean
structure, temporal variability, controlling mechanisms, and role in the coupled climate …

The physical climate formulation and simulation characteristics of two new global coupled
carbon–climate Earth System Models, ESM2M and ESM2G, are described. These models …

The overturning pathways for the surface-ventilated North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and
Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) and the diffusively formed Indian Deep Water (IDW) and …

Abstract The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) HighResMIP is a
new experimental design for global climate model simulations that aims to assess the impact …

Using over 1.6 million profiles of salinity, potential temperature, and neutral density from
historical archives and the international Argo Program, this study develops the three …

Warm water of subtropical origin flows northward in the Atlantic Ocean and transports heat to
high latitudes. This poleward heat transport has been implicated as one possible cause of …

An eddy-permitting general circulation model of the Southern Ocean is fit by constrained
least squares to a large observational dataset during 2005–06. Data used include Argo float …

The simplest possible model is proposed to explain a large fraction of the millennial climate
variability measured in the isotopic composition of Antarctic ice cores. The model results …

Particulate organic carbon (POC) is vertically transported to the oceanic interior by
aggregates and their ballasts, mainly CaCO3 and biogenic opal, with a smaller role for …