A review on the transport law and control method of fire smoke from energy storage system in tunnels

C Qian, H Ding, J ** tunnel fire under longitudinal ventilation
M Weng, X Lu, F Liu, C Du - Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016 - Elsevier
The critical velocity and the backlayering length of smoke in tunnel fires are the two most
important parameters in longitudinal ventilation design. This paper deduced the …

Smart real-time forecast of transient tunnel fires by a dual-agent deep learning model

X Zhang, X Wu, X Huang - Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2022 - Elsevier
Disastrous fire accidents occurred in the tunnel is fatal and destructive, which may pose
great threats to the trapped person and firefighters. However, fire in a confined tunnel can …

Numerical simulation on the maximum temperature and smoke back-layering length in a tilted tunnel under natural ventilation

X Zhang, Y Lin, C Shi, J Zhang - Tunnelling and Underground Space …, 2021 - Elsevier
The present study investigates the maximum temperature and smoke back-layering length S
in the downhill direction from the fire source in a tilted tunnel under natural ventilation …

Numerical simulation of a continuously released ethanol spill fire in an inclined tunnel with longitudinal ventilation

C Ye, P Zhang - International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2023 - Elsevier
Under the influences of the chimney effect and longitudinal ventilation, the risks of
continuous spill fires in inclined tunnels are catastrophic with great complexity and …

A numerical study on smoke back-layering length and inlet air velocity of fires in an inclined tunnel under natural ventilation with a vertical shaft

H Wan, Z Gao, J Han, J Ji, M Ye, Y Zhang - International Journal of Thermal …, 2019 - Elsevier
When a fire occurs in an inclined tunnel, the tunnel inlet air velocity induced by the stack
effect will help to prevent the smoke backflow. This work presents numerical studies on the …

Characterization of buoyant flow stratification behaviors by Richardson (Froude) number in a tunnel fire with complex combination of longitudinal ventilation and …

F Tang, LJ Li, MS Dong, Q Wang, FZ Mei… - Applied Thermal …, 2017 - Elsevier
A series of experiments were carried out in a model-scale tunnel [72 m (length)× 1.5 m
(width)× 1.3 m (height)] to investigate the buoyant flow stratification behaviors in a tunnel fire …

Thermal smoke back-layering flow length with ceiling extraction at upstream side of fire source in a longitudinal ventilated tunnel

F Tang, LJ Li, FZ Mei, MS Dong - Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016 - Elsevier
This paper investigates experimentally the thermal buoyant smoke back-layering flow length
beneath the tunnel ceiling with combination ceiling extraction and longitudinal ventilation …