Dendritic spines are small, thin, specialized protrusions from neuronal dendrites, primarily
localized in the excitatory synapses. Sophisticated imaging techniques revealed that …

The loss of control over drug intake that occurs in addiction was initially believed to result
from disruption of subcortical reward circuits. However, imaging studies in addictive …

Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most prevalent growth factor in the central
nervous system (CNS). It is essential for the development of the CNS and for neuronal …

Develo** reliable, predictive animal models for complex psychiatric disorders, such as
schizophrenia, is essential to increase our understanding of the neurobiological basis of the …

Synaptic plasticity in adult neural circuits may involve the strengthening or weakening of
existing synapses as well as structural plasticity, including synapse formation and …

Stress is a well‐known risk factor in the development of addiction and in addiction relapse
vulnerability. A series of population‐based and epidemiological studies have identified …

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological studies indicate that experimentation with addictive drugs and
onset of addictive disorders is primarily concentrated in adolescence and young adulthood …

Women exhibit more rapid escalation from casual drug taking to addiction, exhibit a greater
withdrawal response with abstinence, and tend to exhibit greater vulnerability than men in …

Studies of human addicts and behavioural studies in rodent models of addiction indicate that
key behavioural abnormalities associated with addiction are extremely long lived. So …

The question of addiction concerns the process by which drug‐taking behavior, in certain
individuals, evolves into compulsive patterns of drug‐seeking and drug‐taking behavior that …