About 3/4 of all wild bee species nest in the soil and spend much of their life cycle
underground. These insects require suitable environmental conditions for nest construction …

Until the 1980s theories of social insect evolution drew strongly on halictine and allodapine
bees. However, that early work suffered from a lack of sound phylogenetic inference and …

The halictid bees are excellent models for the study of social evolution because greater
social diversity and plasticity are observed in the tribe Halictini than in any other comparable …

An activity pattern is the change in levels of a particular activity through time. Activity pattern
data form the basis of much of behavioral ecology for two simple reasons. First, they tell us …

The advanced colonial state of eusociality has evolved in insects as a defense of nest sites
within foraging distance of persistent food sources. In the Hymenoptera, the final step in the …

Environmentally dependent behavioral variation may play a critical role in several ecological
and evolutionary phenomena, in particular, rapid adaptation to novel and changing …

We record 392 species or morphospecies of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) for Manitoba,
Canada, which is 154 more species than reported in 2015 and includes five new generic …

The temperate comb-footed spider, Anelosimus studiosus, shows a social behaviour
polymorphism: individuals may defend asocial nests against intrusion by conspecifics or …

Eusocial organisms are characterized by cooperative brood care, generation overlap and
reproductive division of labour. Traits associated with eusociality are most developed in …

Animal and human societies exhibit extreme diversity in the size, composition and cohesion
of their social units, in the patterning of sex-specific reproductive skew, in the nature of …