Animal personality, consistent individual differences in behaviour, is an important concept
for understanding how individuals vary in how they cope with environmental challenges. In …

Boldness, defined as the behavioural response of individuals when facing a risky situation,
is a major personality trait and often phenotypically correlates with other behavioural traits …

Research on social learning has centered around vertebrates, but evidence is accumulating
that small-brained, non-social arthropods also learn from others. Social learning can lead to …

Measuring intra-and inter-individual variation in movement can bring important insights into
the fundamental ecology of animals and their welfare. Although previous studies identified …

The contamination of natural systems with plastic debris has become one of the most
pressing global environmental issues. Microplastics (MPs) are of particular concern because …

Domestication is one of the strongest examples of artificial selection and has produced
some of the most extreme within-species phenotypic variation known. In the case of the …

The convolutional neural network (CNN) has emerged as a powerful tool for decoding
electroencephalogram (EEG), which owns the potential use in the event-related potential …

Local adaptation, early-developmental and behavioral plasticity have all been suggested to
be underlying mechanisms of behavioral variation. They allow organisms to cope with …

Animal welfare is of general interest, and in the farming arena, efforts have increased to
create optimal conditions for poultry production. Detailed and standardized studies on …

Abstract (Un) predictability has only recently been recognized as an important dimension of
animal behavior. Currently, we neither know if (un) predictability encompasses one or …