The latest Permian mass extinction (LPME) coincided with major changes in the composition
of marine plankton communities, yet little is known about concurrent changes in primary …

Few topics in geobiology have been as extensively debated as the role of Earth's
oxygenation in controlling when and why animals emerged and diversified. All currently …

We present a framework for interpreting the carbon isotopic composition of sedimentary
rocks, which in turn requires a fundamental reinterpretation of the carbon cycle and redox …

After nearly a billion years with no evidence for glaciation, ice advanced to equatorial
latitudes at least twice between 717 and 635 Mya. Although the initiation mechanism of …

Many negative δ 13C excursions in marine carbonates from the geological record are
interpreted to record significant biogeochemical events in early Earth history. The …

Soils of the northern high latitudes store carbon over millennial timescales (thousands of
years) and contain approximately double the carbon stock of the atmosphere,,. Warming and …

The first appearance of skeletal metazoans in the late Ediacaran (∼ 550 million years ago;
Ma) has been linked to the widespread development of oxygenated oceanic conditions, but …

It is unclear why atmospheric oxygen remained trapped at low levels for more than 1.5
billion years following the Paleoproterozoic Great Oxidation Event. Here, we use models for …

A mechanistic understanding of relationships between global glaciation, a putative second
rise in atmospheric oxygen, the Shuram carbon isotope excursion, and the appearance of …

Organic carbon productivity and formation of hydrocarbon source rocks during the Early
Precambrian was almost exclusively the product of the growth of microbial mats. Indirect …