Many different chromosomal races with reduced chromosome number due to the presence
of Robertsonian fusion metacentrics have been described in western Europe and northern …

During the first division of meiosis, segregation of homologous chromosomes reduces the
chromosome number by half. In most species, sister chromatid cohesion and reciprocal …

We sequenced the MSY (male-specific region of the Y chromosome) of the C57BL/6J strain
of the laboratory mouse Mus musculus. In contrast to theories that Y chromosomes are …

Satellite DNA are long tandemly repeating sequences in a genome and may be organized
as high-order repeats (HORs). They are enriched in centromeres and are challenging to …

Background Heteromorphic sex chromosomes have evolved repeatedly across diverse
species. Suppression of recombination between X and Y chromosomes leads to …

In vertebrates, two condensin complexes exist, condensin I and condensin II, which have
differing but unresolved roles in organizing mitotic chromosomes. To dissect accurately the …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex meshwork of cross-linked proteins that provides
biophysical and biochemical cues that are major regulators of cell proliferation, survival …

Y chromosomes control essential male functions in many species, including sex
determination and fertility. However, because of obstacles posed by repeat-rich …

While the cost and time for assembling a genome has drastically decreased, it still remains a
challenge to assemble a highly contiguous genome. These challenges are rapidly being …

Centromeres are the most dynamic regions of the genome, yet they are typified by little or no
crossing over, making it difficult to explain the origin of this diversity. To address this …