The radiation from stars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) creates photodissociation regions
(PDRs) and X-ray-dominated regions (XDRs), where the chemistry or heating is dominated …

Star-forming regions show a rich and varied chemistry, including the presence of complex
organic molecules—in both the cold gas distributed on large scales and the hot regions …

The inner∼ 200 pc region of the Galaxy contains a 4 million M⊙ supermassive black hole
(SMBH), significant quantities of molecular gas, and star formation and cosmic-ray energy …

In recent years, exciting developments have taken place in the identification of the role of
cosmic rays in star-forming environments. Observations from radio to infrared wavelengths …

We have obtained estimates for the cosmic-ray ionization rate (CRIR) in the Galactic disk,
using a detailed model for the physics and chemistry of diffuse interstellar gas clouds to …

We use hydrodynamical simulations to study the Milky Way's central molecular zone (CMZ).
The simulations include a non-equilibrium chemical network, the gas self-gravity, star …

Abstract The Galactic Centre contains a supermassive black hole with a mass of four million
Suns within an environment that differs markedly from that of the Galactic disk. Although the …

Low-energy cosmic rays (up to the GeV energy domain) play a crucial role in the physics
and chemistry of the densest phase of the interstellar medium. Unlike interstellar ionising …

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We analyze HCN and HNC emission in the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253 to investigate
its effectiveness in tracing heating processes associated with star formation. This study uses …