Sexual reproduction is prevalent across diverse taxa. However, sex-determination
mechanisms are so diverse that even closely related species often differ in sex …

Animal sex chromosomes typically carry the upstream sex-determining gene that triggers
testis or ovary development and, in some species, are regulated by global dosage …

Many organisms have sex chromosomes with large nonrecombining regions that have
expanded stepwise, generating “evolutionary strata” of differentiation. The reasons for this …

Sex differences in overall recombination rates are well known, but little theoretical or
empirical attention has been given to how and why sexes differ in their recombination …

Insects harbor a tremendous diversity of sex determining mechanisms both within and
between groups. For example, in some orders such as Hymenoptera, all members are …

Despite decades of cytogenetic and genomic research of dynamic sex chromosome
evolution in teleost fishes, multiple sex chromosomes have been largely neglected. In this …

In species with genetic sex-determination, the chromosomes carrying the sex-determining
genes have often evolved non-recombining regions and subsequently evolved the full set of …

Until recently, the field of sex chromosome evolution has been dominated by the canonical
unidirectional scenario, first developed by Muller in 1918. This model postulates that sex …

Abstract Theory and empirical patterns suggest a disproportionate role for sex chromosomes
in evolution and speciation. Focusing on ZW sex determination (females ZW, males ZZ; the …

Triggers and biological processes controlling male or female gonadal differentiation vary in
vertebrates, with sex determination (SD) governed by environmental factors or simple to …