Considering how biological sex impacts immune responses and COVID-19 outcomes

EP Scully, J Haverfield, RL Ursin… - Nature Reviews …, 2020 - nature.com
A male bias in mortality has emerged in the COVID-19 pandemic, which is consistent with
the pathogenesis of other viral infections. Biological sex differences may manifest …

The impact of the Fungus-Host-Microbiota interplay upon Candida albicans infections: current knowledge and new perspectives

C d'Enfert, AK Kaune, LR Alaban… - FEMS microbiology …, 2021 - academic.oup.com
Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans. It exists as a commensal in the oral
cavity, gut or genital tract of most individuals, constrained by the local microbiota, epithelial …

Sexual-dimorphism in human immune system aging

EJ Márquez, C Chung, R Marches, RJ Rossi… - Nature …, 2020 - nature.com
Differences in immune function and responses contribute to health-and life-span disparities
between sexes. However, the role of sex in immune system aging is not well understood …

Immune system adaptation during gender-affirming testosterone treatment

T Lakshmikanth, C Consiglio, F Sardh, R Forlin… - Nature, 2024 - nature.com
Infectious, inflammatory and autoimmune conditions present differently in males and
females. SARS-CoV-2 infection in naive males is associated with increased risk of death …

Human immune diversity: from evolution to modernity

A Liston, S Humblet-Baron, D Duffy, A Goris - Nature immunology, 2021 - nature.com
The extreme diversity of the human immune system, forged and maintained throughout
evolutionary history, provides a potent defense against opportunistic pathogens. At the same …

Smoking changes adaptive immunity with persistent effects

V Saint-André, B Charbit, A Biton, V Rouilly… - Nature, 2024 - nature.com
Individuals differ widely in their immune responses, with age, sex and genetic factors having
major roles in this inherent variability,,,,–. However, the variables that drive such differences …

Impaired NLRP3 inflammasome activation/pyroptosis leads to robust inflammatory cell death via caspase-8/RIPK3 during coronavirus infection

M Zheng, EP Williams, RKS Malireddi, R Karki… - Journal of Biological …, 2020 - ASBMB
Coronaviruses have caused several zoonotic infections in the past two decades, leading to
significant morbidity and mortality globally. Balanced regulation of cell death and …

Dissecting human population variation in single-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2

Y Aquino, A Bisiaux, Z Li, M O'Neill, J Mendoza-Revilla… - Nature, 2023 - nature.com
Humans display substantial interindividual clinical variability after SARS-CoV-2 infection,–,
the genetic and immunological basis of which has begun to be deciphered. However, the …

Genetics and epigenetics of primary Sjögren syndrome: implications for future therapies

GE Thorlacius, A Björk… - Nature Reviews …, 2023 - nature.com
In primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), chronic inflammation of exocrine glands results in tissue
destruction and sicca symptoms, primarily of the mouth and eyes. Fatigue, arthralgia and …

Sex and gender differences in bacterial infections

SP Dias, MC Brouwer, D van de Beek - Infection and Immunity, 2022 - Am Soc Microbiol
There is a growing awareness of the importance of sex and gender in medicine and
research. Women typically have stronger immune responses to self and foreign antigens …