Abstract Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is a class of constructive meta-heuristic algorithms
sharing the common approach of constructing a solution on the basis of information …

This paper is the first part of a comprehensive survey on pickup and delivery problems.
Basically, two problem classes can be distinguished. The first class, discussed in this paper …

Following the difficulty of public transport to adequately cover all passenger transportation
needs, different innovative mobility services are emerging. Among those are car pooling …

7.1▪ Introduction Modern societies demand transportation systems that offer high efficiency
and comfort but also minimal noise, pollution, cost, and delays. These requirements apply to …

The strong demand on human mobility leads to excessive numbers of cars and raises the
problems of serious traffic congestion, large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions, air …

Carpooling is a transport system based on a shared use of private cars. The mobility
managers of the Università Statale and Politecnico di Milano universities are interested in …

Carpooling is an environmentally friendly transportation system. It can efficaciously help
resolve a variety of societal concerns of the urban areas, ranging from traffic congestion to …

Although carpooling provides a way to achieve higher efficiency and lower costs of a
transport system by grou** people and sharing cars or vehicles in use, it is still not widely …

Carpooling, ie the sharing of vehicles to reach common destinations, is often performed to
reduce costs and pollution. Recent work on carpooling takes into account, besides mobility …

An intelligent carpool system provides people the convenient use of carpool services. In this
paper, we take into consideration the time factor of the carpool service problem (CSP) by …