The heavy metal pollution is a worldwide problem and has received a serious concern for
the ecosystem and human health. In the last decade, remediation of the agricultural polluted …

Cadmium accumulation in crops and the possibility of Cd entering the food chain are serious
concerns for public health. This review discusses the deleterious effects of Cd in plants and …

Chromium (Cr) is a potentially toxic metal originating from natural processes and
anthropogenic activities such as the iron-steel, electroplating, and leather industries, which …

Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environmentally sound approach, which uses
plants to immobilize/stabilize, extract, decay, or lessen toxicity and contaminants. Despite …

Environmental contamination due to heavy metals (HMs) is of serious ecotoxicological
concern worldwide because of their increasing use at industries. Due to non-biodegradable …

Mine tailings are detrimental to natural plant growth due to their physicochemical
characteristics, such as high pH, high salinity, low water retention capacity, high heavy metal …

Heavy metals are released into the environment by both anthropogenic and natural sources.
Highly reactive and often toxic at low concentrations, they may enter soils and groundwater …

Worldwide agricultural food production has to double in 2050 so as to feed the global
increasing population while reducing dependency on conventional chemical fertilizers plus …

Heavy metal accumulation in plants is a severe environmental problem, rising at an
expeditious rate. Heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic, mercury and lead are known …

When plants are subjected to high metal exposure, different plant species take different
strategies in response to metal-induced stress. Largely, plants can be distinguished in four …