Arctic coasts are vulnerable to the effects of climate change, including rising sea levels and
the loss of permafrost, sea ice and glaciers. Assessing the influence of anthropogenic …

The decline in the floating sea ice cover in the Arctic is one of the most striking
manifestations of climate change. In this review, we examine this ongoing loss of Arctic sea …

Manifestations of climate change are often shown as gradual changes in physical or
biogeochemical properties. Components of the climate system, however, can show stepwise …

Abstract The Arctic Ocean is currently on a fast track toward seasonally ice-free conditions.
Although most attention has been on the accelerating summer sea ice decline, large …

This chapter assesses the causes of observed changes assessed in Chapters 2 to 5 and
uses understanding of physical processes, climate models and statistical approaches. The …

A new version of sea ice motion and age products includes several significant upgrades in
processing, corrects known issues with the previous version, and updates the time series …

The areal extent, concentration and thickness of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent
seas have strongly decreased during the recent decades, but cold, snow-rich winters have …

As assessed over the period of satellite observations, October 1978 to present, there are
downward linear trends in Arctic sea ice extent for all months, largest at the end of the melt …

The Arctic region has warmed nearly four times faster than the global average since 1979,
with far-reaching global implications. However, model projections of Arctic warming rates …

Sea ice in the Arctic is one of the most rapidly changing components of the global climate
system. Over the past few decades, summer areal extent has declined over 30%, and all …