Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of immune cells playing several and diverse
functions in homeostatic and immune responses. The broad spectrum of macrophage …

Cancer metabolism has long been equated with aerobic glycolysis, seen by early
biochemists as primitive and inefficient. Despite these early beliefs, the metabolic signatures …

Warburg's observation that cancer cells exhibit a high rate of glycolysis even in the presence
of oxygen (aerobic glycolysis) sparked debate over the role of glycolysis in normal and …

Contrary to conventional wisdom, functional mitochondria are essential for the cancer cell.
Although mutations in mitochondrial genes are common in cancer cells, they do not …

Although cancer is a diverse set of diseases, cancer cells share a number of adaptive
hallmarks. Dysregulated pH is emerging as a hallmark of cancer because cancers show …

Macrophages activated by the TLR4 agonist LPS undergo dramatic changes in their
metabolic activity. We here show that LPS induces expression of the key metabolic regulator …

In order to meet the high energy demand, a metabolic reprogramming occurs in cancer cells.
Its role is crucial in promoting tumor survival. Among the substrates in demand, oxygen is …

Cardiac fibrosis is mediated by the activation of resident cardiac fibroblasts, which
differentiate into myofibroblasts in response to injury or stress. Although myofibroblast …

Background Naïve lymphocytes circulate in the body in a resting state, but upon recognition
of foreign antigen and receipt of proper costimulatory signals, these cells become activated …

Cancer is driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations that allow cells to overproliferate and
escape mechanisms that normally control their survival and migration. Many of these …