Urbanization extensively modifies surface roughness and properties, impacting regional
climate and hydrological cycles. Urban effects on temperature and precipitation have drawn …

It is well known that cities increase air and surface temperatures compared to their rural
surroundings, the so-called urban heat island (UHI) effect. However, the associated changes …

Urbanization often increases surface runoff and land surface temperature due to loss of land
cover. However, the effect of urbanization on local atmospheric humidity remains …

Urban artificial surfaces and structures induce modifications in land–atmosphere
interactions, affecting the exchange of energy, momentum, and substances. These …

Long-term observations investigating the urban boundary layer including high-rising
buildings remain inadequate. In this study, we installed two meteorological stations and …

Urban-enhanced precipitation is often observed far downwind of cities, suggesting important
roles of background wind. This study examines the impacts of background wind on the …

The urban climate is a modified boundary layer climate that is directly and indirectly
influenced by anthropogenic activity and characterized by phenomena such as urban …

Cities may have local weather and climates that are significantly different from their
surrounding rural areas due to the different physical characteristics of urban surfaces and …

This study examines the influence of shallow cumulus clouds on the excessive summertime
heat in the Houston‐Galveston metropolitan area, a coastal urban area in the warm …

The impact of urbanisation on cloud formation is an ongoing and intriguing subject of
debate. Studies on the urban heat island (UHI) effect are well documented for understanding …