Free radicals have acquired growing importance in the fields of biology and medicine. They
are produced during many different endogenous and exogenous processes. Mitochondria …

The liver performs numerous vital functions, including the detoxification of blood before
access to the brain while simultaneously secreting and internalizing scores of proteins and …

BACKGROUND: Glutathione (GSH) is present in all mammalian tissues as the most
abundant non-protein thiol that defends against oxidative stress. GSH is also a key …

Chronic alcohol consumption is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, leading
to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, the most widely used model for …

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and can
lead to fibrosis and cirrhosis. The latest surveillance report published by the National …

Liver fibrosis refers to the process underlying the development of chronic liver diseases,
wherein liver cells are repeatedly destroyed and regenerated, which leads to an excessive …

Glutathione (GSH) is a ubiquitous intracellular peptide with diverse functions that include
detoxification, antioxidant defense, maintenance of thiol status, and modulation of cell …

The retina resides in an environment that is primed for the generation of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) and resultant oxidative damage. The retina is one of the highest oxygen …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are small, highly reactive, oxygen-containing molecules that
are naturally generated in small amounts during the body's metabolic reactions and can …

S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet, also known as SAM and SAMe) is the principal biological
methyl donor synthesized in all mammalian cells but most abundantly in the liver …