Abstract The utilization of Underground Pumped Storage Power Systems (UPSP) addresses
the growing need for energy storage in the face of increasing intermittent energy sources …

The design experience and the shallow tunnel theory, which emphasize the plane strain
assumption, two-dimensional (2D) strength theory, and indoor or back analysis-based …

This paper presents an extensive laboratory investigation of the non-linear rheological
mechanical characteristics of hard rock under cyclic incremental loading and unloading. A …

The floor heave and the inward movement of sidewalls are often encountered in the
excavation of tunnels with swelling rock properties. However, the deformation mechanism …

Tunnels excavated in soft rock under high in situ stress are usually accompanied by large
time-dependent deformation, slow convergence, and long periods of increased support load …

When tunneling through deep-buried layered soft strata, asymmetric deformation of
surrounding rock and asymmetric mechanical behavior of supporting structures are often …

Large deformation is a crucial factor in deep-buried tunnels constructed through soft rocks
with a high geostress. Taking the deep-buried Baozhen tunnel through layered shale as an …

A series of triaxial creep tests were carried out on fractured limestone specimens under
multilevel loading and unloading cycles to capture elastoviscoplastic strain components. A …

Weak rock mass behavior is an important and challenging consideration during construction
and utilization of a tunnel. Tunnel surrounding ground deformation in weak rocks causes to …

The numerical analysis of tunnels in rock masses, which exhibit a squeezing behavior, is
considered, with reference to the use of two elastoviscoplastic constitutive laws implemented …