Background Brain disorders are gradually becoming the leading cause of death worldwide.
However, the lack of knowledge of brain disease's underlying mechanisms and ineffective …

In this work, we present a systematic review on non-invasive HMIs employing hybrid
wearable sensor modalities for recognition of upper limb intentions. Different combinations …

The human–machine interface (HMI) previously relied on a single perception interface that
cannot realize three-dimensional (3D) interaction and convenient and accurate interaction in …

The smooth and natural interaction between human and lower limb exoskeleton is
important. However, one of the challenges is that obtaining the joint rotation angles in time …

Gait analysis has been studied for a long time and applied to fields such as security, sport,
and medicine. In particular, clinical gait analysis has played a significant role in improving …

Objective. Biosignal control is an interaction modality that allows users to interact with
electronic devices by decoding the biological signals emanating from the movements or …

Effective control of an exoskeleton robot (ER) using a human-robot interface is crucial for
assessing the robot's movements and the force they produce to generate efficient control …

The electroencephalogram (EEG) and surface electromyogram (sEMG) fusion has been
widely used in the detection of human movement intention for human–robot interaction, but …

Human motion intention (HMI) has increasingly gained concerns in lower limb exoskeletons
(LLEs). HMI recognition (HMIR) is the precondition for realizing active compliance control in …

Objective. The gait phase and joint angle are two essential and complementary components
of kinematics during normal walking, whose accurate prediction is critical for lower-limb …