BACKGROUND The extent of urban areas is increasing around the world, and most humans
now live in cities. Urbanization results in dramatic environmental change, including …

Emerging evidence that cities drive micro-evolution raises the question of whether rapid
urbanization of Earth might impact ecosystems by causing systemic changes in functional …

Urban areas can drive rapid evolution of species and are hotspots for entry and
establishment of invasive species, but it is unclear how urban evolution is impacting the …

The avian bill is a textbook example of how evolution shapes morphology in response to
changing environments. Bills of seed‐specialist finches in particular have been the focus of …

Due to our intensive subsistence and habitat-modification strategies—including broad-
spectrum harvesting and predation, widespread landscape burning, settlement construction …

Extensive research has demonstrated that urbanization strongly alters ecological processes,
often perniciously. However, quantifying the magnitude of urban effects and determining …

Species delimitation requires a broad assessment of population-level variation using
multiple lines of evidence, a process known as integrative taxonomy. More specifically …

Urban environments pose different selective pressures than natural ones, leading to
changes in animal behavior, physiology, and morphology. Understanding how animals …

Due to climate and local geology, the only source of water for the entire Caatinga is rainfall.
Annual rainfall averages 773 mm, and 70% of this amount may precipitate in a single month …

With novel human–wildlife interaction, predation regimes, and environmental conditions, in
addition to often fragmented and smaller populations, urban areas present wildlife with …