Rapid Arctic environmental change affects the entire Earth system as thawing permafrost
ecosystems release greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Understanding how much …

Tundra vegetation productivity and composition are responding rapidly to climatic changes
in the Arctic. These changes can, in turn, mitigate or amplify permafrost thaw. In this Review …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

The permafrost zone is expected to be a substantial carbon source to the atmosphere, yet
large-scale models currently only simulate gradual changes in seasonally thawed soil …

Abstract The Community Land Model (CLM) is the land component of the Community Earth
System Model (CESM) and is used in several global and regional modeling systems. In this …

Lightning is an indicator and a driver of climate change. Here, using satellite observations of
lightning flash rate and ERA5 reanalysis, we find that the spatial pattern of summer lightning …

Permafrost regions at high latitudes and altitudes store about half of the Earth's soil organic
carbon (SOC). These areas are also some of the most intensely affected by anthropogenic …

Methane (CH4) is produced in many natural systems that are vulnerable to change under a
warming climate, yet current CH4 budgets, as well as future shifts in CH4 emissions, have …

Where present, permafrost exerts a primary control on water fluxes, flowpaths, and
distribution. Climate warming and related drivers of soil thermal change are expected to …

We conducted a model-based assessment of changes in permafrost area and carbon
storage for simulations driven by RCP4. 5 and RCP8. 5 projections between 2010 and 2299 …