Nature achieves differentiation of specific and nonspecific binding in molecular interactions
through precise control of biomolecules in space and time. Artificial systems such as …

In living systems, the chemical space and functional repertoire of proteins are dramatically
expanded through the post-translational modification (PTM) of various amino acid residues …

Identification of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) is at the center of molecular biology
considering the unquestionable role of proteins in cells. Combinatorial interactions result in …

Interactions between proteins are orchestrated in a precise and time-dependent manner,
underlying cellular function. The binding affinity, defined as the strength of these …

Weeds are attractive models for basic and applied research due to their impacts on
agricultural systems and capacity to swiftly adapt in response to anthropogenic selection …

Metabolons are transient multi-protein complexes of sequential enzymes that mediate
substrate channeling. They differ from multi-enzyme complexes in that they are dynamic …

Recent clinical trials using antibodies with low toxicity and high efficiency have raised
expectations for the development of next-generation protein therapeutics. However, the …

Many essential biological processes including cell regulation and signalling are mediated
through the assembly of protein complexes. Changes to protein-protein interaction (PPI) …

Reliably pinpointing which specific amino acid residues form the interface (s) between a
protein and its binding partner (s) is critical for understanding the structural and …

We live in a hostile environment but are protected by the innate and adaptive immune
system. A major component of the latter is mediated by antibody molecules that bind to …