Tumour angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels to support the growth of a
tumour. This process is critical for tumour progression and metastasis, making it an attractive …

Cancer is a multi‐faceted disease comprised of a combination of genetic, epigenetic,
metabolic and signalling aberrations which severely disrupt the normal homoeostasis of cell …

Saponins are one of the broadest classes of high-molecular-weight natural compounds,
consisting mainly of a non-polar moiety with 27 to 30 carbons and a polar moiety containing …

The ninety kilo Dalton molecular weight heat shock protein (Hsp90) is an attractive target for
the discovery of novel anticancer agents. Several strategies have been employed for the …

Platycodin D (PLD) is the major triterpene saponin in the root of Platycodon grandiflorum
(Jacq.) with various pharmacological activities. The purpose of the present study was to …

In the tumor microenvironment (TME), the activation of programmed death-1 (PD-1)–
programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) pathway is one of the main signals of immune escape …

An adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients, derived from the formation of novel blood
vessels, is critical for the growth and expansion of tumor cells. It has been demonstrated that …

Platycodin D and platycoside E are two triterpenoid saponins in Platycodon grandiflorus,
differing only by two glycosyl groups structurally. Studies have shown β-Glucosidase from …

Allergic airway inflammation is an increasing global health problem, and novel strategies to
prevent or ameliorate the condition are needed. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved …

Platycodin D (PD), a major saponin derived and isolated from the roots of Platycodon
grandiflorum, exerts potent growth inhibition and strong cytotoxicity against various cancer …