Early Mars climate research has well-defined goals (MEPAG 2018). Achieving these goals
requires geologists and climate modelers to coordinate. Coordination is easier if results are …

Energy resources in outer space, also known as space energy, has been recognized as a
promising supplement to conventional energy supplies on Earth, as well as an irreplaceable …

The habitability of the surface of any planet is determined by a complex evolution of its
interior, surface, and atmosphere. The electromagnetic and particle radiation of stars drive …

Oxygen fugacity is a measure of rock oxidation that influences planetary structure and
evolution. Most rocky bodies in the Solar System formed at oxygen fugacities approximately …

Return of samples from the surface of Mars has been a goal of the international Mars
science community for many years. Affirmation by NASA and ESA of the importance of Mars …

The Perseverance rover has collected seven oriented samples of sedimentary rocks, all
likely older than the oldest signs of widespread life on Earth, at the exposed base of the …

Phobos and Deimos occupy unique positions both scientifically and programmatically on the
road to the exploration of the solar system. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) …

Mars Sample Return (MSR) has been the highest flagship mission priority in the last two
Planetary Decadal Surveys of the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and …

NASA's Mars 2020 mission has initiated collection of samples from Mars' Jezero Crater,
which has a wide range of ancient rocks and rock types from lavas to lacustrine sedimentary …

Here we review published studies on the abundance and diversity of terrestrial rock-hosted
life, the environments it inhabits, the evolution of its metabolisms, and its fossil biomarkers to …