Coral reef ecosystems are remarkable for their high productivity in nutrient-poor waters. A
high proportion of primary production is consumed by the dominant herbivore assemblage …

Many physiological responses in present-day coral reefs to climate change are interpreted
as consistent with the imminent disappearance of modern reefs globally because of annual …

Severe marine heatwaves have recently become a common feature of global ocean
conditions due to a rapidly changing climate [1, 2]. These increasingly severe thermal …

Bioerosion, involving the weakening and breakdown of calcareous coral reef structures, is
due to the chemical and mechanical activities of numerous and diverse biotic agents. These …

Reef-building corals harbour an astonishing diversity of microorganisms, including
endosymbiotic microalgae, bacteria, archaea, and fungi. The metabolic interactions within …

Coral reefs face multiple anthropogenic threats, from pollution and overfishing to the dual
effects of greenhouse gas emissions: rising sea temperature and ocean acidification [1] …

The persistence of carbonate structures on coral reefs is essential in providing habitats for a
large number of species and maintaining the extraordinary biodiversity associated with …

Quantifying CO2 transport and average effective reaction rates in the subsurface is essential
to assess the risks associated with underground carbon capture and storage. We use X-ray …

Bioerosion of calcium carbonate is the natural counterpart of biogenic calcification. Both are
affected by ocean acidification (OA). We summarize definitions and concepts in bioerosion …

Coral reefs were one of the first ecosystems to be recognized as vulnerable to ocean
acidification. To date, most scientific investigations into the effects of ocean acidification on …