Cellular immune responses consist of innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune
mechanisms, where all leukocyte subpopulations are included. Among these are vital …

In the absence of an intact interferon (IFN) response, mammals may be susceptible to lethal
viral infection. IFNs are secreted cytokines that activate a signal transduction cascade …

Although pulmonary fibrosis can occur in the absence of a clear‐cut inciting agent, and
without a clinically clear initial acute inflammatory phase, it is more commonly associated …

When helper T (TH) cell polarization was initially described three decades ago, the TH cell
universe grew dramatically. New subsets were described based on their expression of few …

Type I and type II interferons (IFN) are central to both combating virus infection and
modulating the antiviral immune response. Indeed, an absence of either the receptor for type …

Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a pleiotropic molecule with associated antiproliferative, pro-
apoptotic and antitumor mechanisms. This effector cytokine, often considered as a major …

Inhibition of Janus kinase (JAK) family enzymes is a popular strategy for treating
inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases. In the clinic, small molecule JAK inhibitors …

Interferons (IFNs) are antiviral cytokines that play a key role in the innate immune response
to viral infections. In response to viral stimuli, cells produce and release interferons, which …

Stem cells are highly resistant to viral infection compared to their differentiated progeny;
however, the mechanism is mysterious. Here, we analyzed gene expression in mammalian …

Interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) products take on a number of diverse roles. Collectively,
they are highly effective at resisting and controlling pathogens. In this review, we begin by …