A great deal of scholarship has explored why some democratic citizens vote while others do
not. This article reviews that literature through a lens presuming that a person's likelihood of …

Although field experiments have long been used to study voter turnout, only recently has this
research method generated widespread scholarly interest. This article reviews the …

Difference-in-differences (DID) is commonly used for causal inference in time-series cross-
sectional data. It requires the assumption that the average outcomes of treated and control …

IT iS APPROPRiATE that in writing a book about how communities affect us, I have been
supported by many people in different, but often overlap**, communities. This book began …

The election of African Americans to Congress is a primary achievement of the post–civil
rights transition from protest to politics. I evaluate the link between black congressional …

Participation is the lifeblood of democracy, involving different numbers of people in different
activities at different times. Maintaining viable party organizations requires the commitment …

A number of electoral reforms have been enacted in the United States in the past three
decades that are designed to increase turnout by easing restrictions on the casting of …

Electoral participation in the United States is examined to provide a clearer account of the
effect of the registration requirement on individual voting behavior. Pooling NES data from …

" Political equality is an essential political ideal and it is the cornerstone of moral
justifications of democracy. Most people would agree with the proposition that the interests …

With four sets of European parliamentary elections now behind us, it is appropriate to review
the prevailing interpretation of such elections as second-order national elections, a view first …