The continental lithosphere is a vast store for carbon. The carbon has been added and
reactivated by episodic freezing and re-melting throughout geological history. Carbon …

Volatile elements (water, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, halogens, and noble gases) played an
essential role in the secular evolution of the solid Earth and emergence of life. Here we …

This paper aims to update our understanding of the carbon cycle in the Himalayas, the most
intense collisional orogeny globally, by providing new insight into its impact on Cenozoic …

The flux of carbon into and out of Earth's surface environment has implications for Earth's
climate and habitability. We compiled a global data set for carbon and helium isotopes from …

The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is a key influence on Earth's climate. Today,
significant quantities of CO2 are emitted at continental rifts, suggesting that the spatial and …

Tracking the final fate of subducting carbon is crucial to understanding global carbon cycles
and climate changes in the history of the Earth. Available geochemical tracers such as …

Earth degassing of CO2-rich fluids has been proven to contribute significantly to the global
carbon budget. The presence of ubiquitous outgassing reveals some degree of permeability …

Volcanism and metamorphism are the principal geologic processes that drive carbon
transfer from the interior of Earth to the surface reservoir. 1–4 Input of carbon to the surface …

Carbon in the upper mantle controls incipient melting of carbonated peridotite and so acts as
a critical driver of plate tectonics. The carbon-rich melts that form control the rate of volatile …

Over the past two decades, multidisciplinary studies have unearthed a rich history of
volcanic activity and unrest in the densely-populated East African Rift System, providing new …